NYC Local Law 97 Compliance — Building Emissions Limits, $268/CO2e Penalty, 50,000 Buildings

If you sit on a NYC co-op or condo board, manage a rental portfolio above 25,000 square feet, or own a commercial building inside the five boroughs, Local Law 97 is not a future problem. It is a live compliance regime that began measuring your emissions in calendar year 2024, required its first Building Sustainability Annual Report filing in May 2025, and carries a penalty of $268 per metric ton of CO2 equivalent over the cap every single year you run over. For a 200-unit Manhattan high-rise that exceeds its Phase 1 limit by 100 tons, that is $26,800 in exposure annually — and it compounds into tax liens if you ignore it for three years.¹

Most building owners we talk to fall into one of two camps. They either think LL97 is somebody else's law (it is not — if you are above 25,000 sqft it is yours), or they think retrofit contractors are all chasing the same heat-pump playbook (they are not — the right strategy depends on your occupancy group, your Con Edison service capacity, your roof access, your board governance, and whether your building is designated under Article 321). This pillar walks through what the law actually mandates, how the penalty arithmetic works, the three compliance pathways the NYC Department of Buildings accepts, and what a real retrofit costs in 2026 dollars.

Angi sends your info to 12 strangers. Baily sends it to one NYC DOB-experienced energy retrofit team that has closed Local Law 97 compliance projects — a team that understands BSAR filing, has worked with NYS-licensed PEs and RAs on emissions calculations, and knows the difference between a $1.5M lighting-and-envelope play and an $8M full electrification retrofit.

What Local Law 97 actually mandates

Local Law 97 of 2019 is the centerpiece of New York City's Climate Mobilization Act. The law sets hard carbon emissions limits for buildings over 25,000 square feet of gross floor area and imposes escalating penalties for exceeding them.² The limits are expressed in kilograms of CO2 equivalent per square foot per year (kgCO2e/sqft/yr), which means the cap scales with your building's size but the emission rate — how much carbon each square foot is allowed to produce annually — is fixed by occupancy group.

Three things to internalize up front. First, LL97 is an emissions cap, not an energy audit. It is not Local Law 87 (which mandates energy audits and retro-commissioning every ten years) and it is not Local Law 84 (which mandates annual benchmarking through the EPA's Portfolio Manager tool). LL97 is the regulation with the money on the line. Second, the cap applies to on-site combustion plus a grid-weighted factor for electricity and district steam. Which means even if you run an all-electric building, you are not at zero — you carry the carbon intensity of the grid ConEdison draws from. Third, the law has phased tightening baked in. Phase 1 runs 2024 through 2029. Phase 2 runs 2030 through 2034 with roughly 30 percent tighter limits. Phase 3 begins in 2035 and targets an 80 percent reduction from the 2005 baseline by 2050.

The regulatory architecture is the NYC Department of Buildings (DOB), which administers filings and assesses penalties, plus the NYC Mayor's Office of Climate and Environmental Justice, which sets policy. Annual compliance is certified by a New York State-licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Architect who files the Building Sustainability Annual Report on your behalf.

Who it covers — buildings >25,000 sqft

LL97 covers roughly 50,000 NYC buildings, which sounds modest until you learn that represents about 57 percent of the city's built floor area.² The coverage rules:

• Most apartment buildings above 25,000 sqft — condo, co-op, and rental all in scope. The ownership structure does not change the compliance obligation.
• Most commercial buildings — office, retail, hospitality.
• Mixed-use buildings — covered under a weighted blend of the occupancy groups present.
• Most institutional buildings — universities, most schools. Some hospitals (HHC + certain specialty facilities) have separate provisions. Houses of worship are exempt.
• Subsidized housing — buildings with rent-stabilized or income-restricted units may qualify for Article 321, a separate compliance pathway we cover below.

The 25,000 sqft threshold refers to gross floor area as listed on the Certificate of Occupancy. If your building is borderline — somewhere between 24,000 and 26,000 sqft — you need a licensed PE or RA to confirm. The DOB Building Information System (BIS) lookup will give you the official number but it is not uncommon to find discrepancies between BIS records, tax-lot records, and actual measured floor area. Those discrepancies matter because being 200 sqft over the threshold puts you in scope permanently.

Two additional coverage notes. Buildings under 25,000 sqft individually but on a tax lot with a combined floor area exceeding 50,000 sqft across multiple buildings are also covered. And city-owned buildings have their own compliance track administered by the Department of Citywide Administrative Services. If you are a board member trying to figure out whether your brownstone-turned-condo falls in or out, the fastest answer is to look at your CofO, cross-check DOB BIS, and if still ambiguous, commission a 2-hour review from a licensed engineer.

Phase 1 (2024-2029) emissions limits by occupancy group

Phase 1 limits are in effect right now. They are calibrated so that roughly 20 percent of covered buildings exceed them without action, which means the law was designed to force movement on the worst performers first. The headline limits:

• Residential (multi-family): 6.75 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Office: 8.46 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Schools (K-12): 7.58 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Retail: 10.74 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Hotel: 9.87 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Storage + industrial: 4.26 kgCO2e/sqft/yr
• Hospitals: 23.81 kgCO2e/sqft/yr (highest — clinical operations carry huge load)

Mixed-use buildings get a weighted limit calculated by multiplying each occupancy group's limit by the fraction of total floor area it occupies. A 60,000-sqft building that is 70 percent residential and 30 percent office gets a limit of (6.75 × 0.70) + (8.46 × 0.30) = 7.26 kgCO2e/sqft/yr, applied across the full 60,000 sqft for a total cap of 435.6 metric tons CO2e per year.

Your actual emissions get calculated by taking your annual utility consumption — electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, district steam — and multiplying each by a NYC-published emissions factor. The current factors (updated annually by the DOB) reflect grid carbon intensity for electricity, direct combustion factors for gas and oil, and a ConEdison-specific factor for steam.³ If your measured emissions exceed your cap, you are in violation for that calendar year.

Phase 2 (2030-2034) tighter limits

Phase 2 starts January 1, 2030 and runs through 2034. The limits drop roughly 30 percent across most occupancy groups, which is where the compliance math gets expensive. A 6.75 kgCO2e/sqft residential limit becomes approximately 4.22 kgCO2e/sqft. An 8.46 kgCO2e/sqft office limit becomes approximately 5.92 kgCO2e/sqft. Buildings that squeak under the Phase 1 cap with lighting upgrades and envelope tightening will almost certainly exceed Phase 2 without more serious intervention — typically either heat-pump conversion or district energy connection.

The practical implication is that if your building barely complies with Phase 1, you should not stop there. Any capital project with a 10-year payback horizon needs to be sized against the Phase 2 limit, not the Phase 1 limit. Otherwise you will be running the same project twice and paying for it twice. Phase 3, beginning in 2035, will tighten further — the city's stated trajectory is an 80 percent reduction from the 2005 baseline by 2050, which effectively requires near-full electrification across the covered portfolio.

Penalty calculation: $268 per metric ton CO2e

The LL97 penalty is deliberately calibrated to drive behavior. It is set at $268 per metric ton of CO2 equivalent that your building emits above its cap, assessed annually.⁴ The arithmetic:

• Building A: 80,000 sqft Manhattan residential co-op. Phase 1 cap: 80,000 × 6.75 kg = 540,000 kg = 540 metric tons CO2e/year. Measured emissions: 640 metric tons. Exceedance: 100 tons. Annual penalty: 100 × $268 = $26,800/year.
• Building B: 250,000 sqft Midtown office. Phase 1 cap: 250,000 × 8.46 kg = 2,115 metric tons. Measured emissions: 2,400 metric tons. Exceedance: 285 tons. Annual penalty: $76,380/year.
• Building C: 1.2M sqft Class-A tower. Cap: 10,152 tons. Measured: 11,800 tons. Exceedance: 1,648 tons. Annual penalty: $441,664/year.

These penalties are recurring, not one-time. A building that is 500 tons over for five consecutive years owes $670,000 total across those five years. There are escalation consequences on top of the base penalty:

• First-year non-compliance: Warning plus an opportunity to file a good-faith effort submission documenting your planned retrofit path. DOB has flexibility here and has signaled it will not aggressively penalize buildings that are actively executing on a credible compliance plan.
• Sustained non-compliance: Full $268/ton assessment plus potential administrative penalties and DOB enforcement action.
• 3+ years of non-payment: The unpaid penalty can attach as a tax lien against the property, creating title issues on sale or refinance.
• 421-a buildings: Non-compliance can jeopardize 421-a tax abatement status for projects still within the abatement window. For a 200-unit building mid-abatement, that can mean losing tens of thousands of dollars per unit in tax benefit — often an order of magnitude larger than the LL97 penalty itself.

The penalty structure is why board treasurers who have actually modeled the exposure are moving capital projects forward. The math often shows that a $3M retrofit financed over 15 years is cheaper than paying $50K/year in penalties through 2030 and then a much larger number starting 2030 under Phase 2.

BSAR annual reporting + NYC DOB filing

LL97 compliance is demonstrated through the Building Sustainability Annual Report — BSAR — filed with NYC DOB each May for the prior calendar year.⁵ The first required BSAR filing covered calendar year 2024 and was due May 1, 2025. Each subsequent year requires a fresh filing by that same May 1 deadline.

What goes into a BSAR:

• Utility consumption data — 12 months of electric (kWh), natural gas (therms or ccf), fuel oil (gallons), and district steam (Mlbs) usage. Most buildings pull this from ConEdison, National Grid, and their fuel oil supplier.
• Occupancy-group-by-area breakdown — gross floor area allocated across applicable occupancy groups. For mixed-use buildings this needs to reconcile with your CofO and any recent alteration filings.
• Calculated annual emissions — utility consumption multiplied by DOB-published emissions factors.
• Cap calculation — occupancy-weighted Phase 1 limit applied to total covered floor area.
• Compliance margin — measured emissions minus cap, reported as a signed number (negative = under cap = compliant).
• Certification — signed and stamped by a NYS-licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Architect.

The PE/RA signature is not ceremonial. The signer assumes professional liability for the accuracy of the emissions calculation and is subject to NYS Office of the Professions enforcement for fraudulent or grossly negligent filings.⁶ This is why the first BSAR cycle costs most buildings $5K to $25K — the PE or RA is not just filling out a form, they are reviewing utility bills, reconciling floor area, verifying occupancy groupings, and staking their license on the number.

If your BSAR shows exceedance, you file it anyway. The filing itself is what establishes whether you owe a penalty. Refusing to file or filing late triggers separate administrative penalties on top of the emissions penalty.

Three compliance pathways (under cap / RECs / Article 321)

NYC DOB recognizes three ways to be in compliance.

Pathway 1: Stay under the cap through direct emissions reduction. Your measured emissions, as calculated in your BSAR, come in below your occupancy-weighted limit. This is the cleanest path and the one most retrofit strategies target. It requires actual physical changes to the building — lighting, envelope, HVAC, heat pumps, whatever mix of measures gets the number down.

Pathway 2: Purchase NYC-approved carbon offsets or RECs to close the gap. Buildings that exceed their cap can purchase Renewable Energy Credits or carbon offsets that NYC DOB has approved, bringing net emissions under the cap on paper. RECs are generally cheaper than the $268/ton penalty — recent NYC-eligible REC pricing has been in the $15 to $40/MWh range, which works out to roughly $40 to $100 per ton of avoided emissions depending on the grid factor applied. This makes RECs an attractive interim bridge while capital projects are being designed and funded. The catch: REC pricing is expected to rise as Phase 2 drives more demand, and the DOB has signaled it may tighten approved-REC criteria over time. Pathway 2 is a bridge, not a destination.

Pathway 3: Article 321 alternative compliance for affordable housing. Buildings with significant rent-stabilized or income-restricted units — specifically those designated under HCR (NYS Homes and Community Renewal) as Article 321 eligible — can comply through a prescribed list of required measures rather than a measured emissions cap.⁷ The Article 321 pathway was created because many subsidized buildings cannot raise capital for deep retrofits without breaking their income restrictions, and the city wanted compliance that did not force displacement. If your building has a substantial rent-stabilized component, check your HCR registry status — this pathway can materially change your compliance strategy.⁸

Building retrofit strategies (heat pumps + envelope + lighting + solar + district energy)

There is no single retrofit playbook that fits every NYC building. The right combination depends on your starting fuel mix, your Con Edison electrical service, your roof access, your construction type, and your budget. The common measures:

Heat pump retrofits. Replacing a gas or oil boiler with electric heat pumps is the single biggest emissions lever for most residential buildings. Air-source heat pumps (VRF systems, split systems, or centralized chillers) are most common in NYC, with geothermal only viable where ground loops can be drilled — some Brooklyn and Queens buildings, limited Manhattan feasibility. Per-unit cost typically lands $8K to $45K depending on whether you are adding to existing ductwork, retrofitting with mini-splits, or pulling in a centralized system with building-wide distribution. For most buildings the long pole is not the heat pumps themselves — it is the Con Edison electrical service upgrade. Many older buildings were sized for gas heat and lighting only, which means moving to full electric heat can require a service bump from 800A to 1200A or more. Con Edison's electrification program includes incentives and expedited review for LL97-driven upgrades.⁹

Building envelope improvements. Window replacement with low-E glazing (U-value <0.30), wall and roof insulation, air sealing. For older pre-war buildings this can be 20 to 40 percent of total emissions reduction depending on how leaky the existing envelope is. Costs run $15 to $40 per sqft for comprehensive envelope work, though targeted measures — just the north-facing windows, or just the roof — can be scoped tighter.

LED lighting + smart controls. Lowest-hanging fruit. Most buildings see 30 to 60 percent reductions in lighting energy from a full LED swap with occupancy sensors and daylight harvesting in common areas. Typical cost $4 to $8 per sqft. Almost always positive net present value on its own, LL97 or no LL97.

High-efficiency boilers. If full heat-pump conversion is too disruptive for your Phase 1 timeline, replacing a 65 percent efficient 1970s-vintage boiler with a 92+ percent efficient modulating-condensing unit buys meaningful Phase 1 compliance margin. But this is an interim move — high-efficiency gas still emits, and Phase 2 will likely push most buildings past what any gas system can deliver.

Solar PV. Limited in dense Manhattan where roofs are small and often shadowed. More viable in Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx, and Staten Island where low-rise buildings have usable roof area. Typical system cost $3 to $5 per watt installed, with NYSERDA and federal incentives reducing net cost by 30 to 50 percent.

District energy connections. ConEdison steam serves about 1,800 buildings in Manhattan, mostly below 96th Street. The carbon intensity of NYC steam is lower than fuel oil but higher than grid electricity for heating use, so the calculation depends on what you are replacing and whether steam is seasonal or year-round for your load.

Co-generation (combined heat and power). Natural gas CHP was a popular 2010s-era compliance strategy because on-site electricity generation offsets grid purchases. Under LL97 it is increasingly limited — natural gas combustion still counts toward your emissions number, and the grid factor for electricity is declining as NYC's grid decarbonizes, which erodes the CHP arbitrage. Most energy consultants now size CHP carefully against Phase 2 limits and often recommend against new installations for buildings expecting to operate past 2030.

Co-op + condo board governance + special assessments

The technical strategy is usually not what blocks compliance. Governance is. Co-op and condo boards have to approve capital expenditure, and for projects above a certain threshold — set by your proprietary lease, bylaws, or offering plan — you need a shareholder or unit-owner vote. Converting a gas boiler plant to heat pumps is almost always above that threshold.

A few governance realities we see repeatedly on LL97 projects:

• Special assessments ranging $5K to $60K per unit are common depending on building size and retrofit scope. An 80-unit building doing a $3M retrofit that is 70 percent funded by debt still needs roughly $11K/unit in equity — usually raised via a special assessment. Larger buildings can amortize over more units but also often face larger absolute retrofit budgets.
• Reserve study alignment. Buildings with well-funded reserves sometimes can self-fund Phase 1 compliance without a special assessment. Most NYC co-ops are under-reserved relative to their retrofit obligations, which is why special assessments dominate.
• Beneficial electrification provisions. 2023 amendments to LL97 gave boards some flexibility around how electrification investments are credited against emissions. Your energy consultant should know the current rules — this area has been updated multiple times since the law's passage.
• Owner communication. Shareholders and unit owners will push back on assessments unless they understand the penalty alternative. The single most effective thing a board can do is commission a one-page "cost of doing nothing" analysis showing the annual penalty exposure, the 10-year cumulative penalty, and the 421-a risk if applicable — then put that next to the retrofit proposal when the vote goes out.
• Sponsor units + rent-regulated units. If your building still has sponsor-held shares or any rent-stabilized tenants, those complicate assessment math. Sponsors sometimes dispute their proportional share. Rent-stabilized tenants cannot simply be assessed — there are specific HCR pathways for including LL97 costs in rent calculations, and those require separate filings.

Cost reality $1.5M-$8M typical retrofit

Here is the cost reality for a typical 80,000-sqft Manhattan residential building approaching Phase 1 compliance, in 2026 dollars:

• LL97 compliance audit + initial BSAR filing: $5,000 to $25,000 one-time.
• LED + lighting controls: $320,000 to $640,000 (at $4-$8/sqft).
• Envelope upgrades (windows + insulation + air sealing): $1,200,000 to $3,200,000 (at $15-$40/sqft). Most buildings do a targeted subset rather than full envelope, landing in the $600K to $1.5M range.
• Heat pump retrofit (full building electrification): $2,400,000 to $9,600,000 (at $30-$120/sqft). This is the wide range that separates a lean VRF install in a building with adequate electrical service from a full mechanical-and-electrical rebuild in a 1920s co-op with 400A service and no space for riser runs.
• Geothermal (if viable): $4,000,000 to $14,400,000 (at $50-$180/sqft). Almost never cost-effective in Manhattan. Occasional Brooklyn and Queens fits.
• Con Edison service upgrade: $150,000 to $800,000 depending on service size jump and distance to the nearest available transformer capacity.

Most 80,000-sqft Manhattan condo Phase 1 compliance projects land in the $1.5M to $8M range all-in, with the median around $3.2M. That sounds like a lot, and it is. But the 10-year penalty exposure for a building running 100+ tons over cap is already north of $268,000, not counting Phase 2 escalation, not counting 421-a risk, not counting the hit to unit resale values that buildings carrying LL97 liabilities are starting to take.

Timeline: 24-48 months decision-to-compliance

A realistic timeline from "board decides to comply" to "retrofit is substantially complete and the next BSAR shows compliance":

• Audit + baseline BSAR + feasibility study: 2 to 4 months. Establishes current emissions, models compliance pathways, sizes the retrofit budget.
• Design development + contractor pricing: 4 to 9 months. Engineering drawings, mechanical and electrical design, permit drawings, competitive bidding.
• Board + capital approval: 3 to 12 months. Shareholder or unit-owner vote, special assessment rollout, debt financing if used. This phase is the single biggest source of schedule slip and the most variable by building.
• DOB permitting + Con Edison utility coordination: 3 to 6 months, often overlapping design.
• Construction: 12 to 24 months depending on scope and whether residents are in place. Phased construction to keep buildings habitable typically extends schedule but reduces disruption.
• Commissioning + first post-retrofit BSAR: 2 to 6 months after substantial completion.

Total: 24 to 48 months from decision to a BSAR showing post-retrofit compliance. If your building is exceeding Phase 1 limits today and you are only starting the conversation now, you will likely carry some penalty exposure for at least two or three compliance years before the retrofit is producing measured reductions. That is another reason many boards front-load RECs or carbon offsets (Pathway 2) as a bridge while the physical retrofit is being designed and executed.

What Baily verifies before any LL97 retrofit match

Baily will not hand your building to a contractor who has never filed a BSAR. Before we connect you with a NYC LL97 retrofit team, we verify:

• NYC DOB registration as a licensed general contractor in good standing, with active license, insurance, and no open enforcement actions.
• NYS Professional Engineer or Registered Architect on staff or under retainer for BSAR certification and emissions calculations.⁶
• Demonstrated LL97 project experience — completed or in-progress compliance retrofits with verifiable building references.
• Con Edison electrification program working relationship for buildings requiring service upgrades.⁹
• BSAR filing history — the team has actually filed reports with DOB, not just designed systems.
• Energy auditor relationships — the team works with NYC DOB-approved energy auditors for LL87-adjacent compliance where relevant.
• Insurance adequate for the retrofit scope — general liability, professional liability (for the PE/RA work product), and workers comp sized to the project.
• Experience with co-op + condo board governance — teams that have never worked with a board will not navigate your special-assessment politics.

One team. Not twelve. The team we match is the one that has actually delivered LL97 compliance for a building like yours — co-op versus condo versus rental versus mixed-use, similar size, similar occupancy mix, similar starting fuel and electrical-service configuration. That is how we keep the match tight enough to be useful instead of noise.

Frequently asked questions

Does Local Law 97 apply to my Manhattan co-op or condo building?

Almost certainly yes if the building is over 25,000 sqft of gross floor area — that's roughly 57% of NYC's built environment, including the vast majority of multi-family residential buildings outside of small brownstones. The law applies regardless of whether the building is co-op, condo, rental, or mixed-use. Single-family townhouses + small brownstones (under 25K sqft) are exempt. Houses of worship and some hospitals have separate provisions. Your building's gross floor area is on the Certificate of Occupancy + searchable in the NYC DOB BIS database. If your building is borderline (24,000-26,000 sqft), have a NYS-licensed PE or RA confirm before assuming exemption.

What happens if we just pay the penalty instead of retrofitting?

Short-term it is cheaper. Medium and long-term it is not. Phase 1 penalties of $268/ton compound every year you are over cap, and Phase 2 starting 2030 tightens limits roughly 30 percent — which means your Phase 1 exceedance will grow. After three years of non-payment, unpaid penalties can attach as a tax lien, creating title issues on sale or refinance. If your building has a 421-a abatement, non-compliance can jeopardize that abatement, which for a 200-unit building can mean losing tens of thousands per unit in tax benefit — often larger than the LL97 penalty itself. And unit buyers and their attorneys have started explicitly underwriting LL97 exposure in resale transactions, discounting offer prices for buildings carrying known exceedance. Paying the penalty instead of retrofitting is rarely the right choice on a 15-year horizon.

Can we just buy RECs to comply without doing any physical retrofit?

Technically yes under Pathway 2 — NYC-approved Renewable Energy Credits can close the emissions gap on paper. In practice, REC pricing is rising as Phase 2 approaches and DOB may tighten approved-REC criteria over time. Most energy consultants treat RECs as a bridge, not a destination. A common strategy is to buy RECs for compliance years while the physical retrofit is being designed and executed, then drop the REC purchase once the building is measured-compliant. Pure REC compliance with zero physical retrofit is possible but exposes you to REC price volatility and regulatory change.

Do we need a Professional Engineer to file the BSAR or can a general contractor do it?

The BSAR must be signed and stamped by a NYS-licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Architect. A general contractor cannot file it. That said, most retrofit contractors either have a PE on staff or work with a partner engineering firm that handles the filing. When you match with a retrofit team through Baily, the PE or RA relationship is part of what we verify up front — you should not be scrambling to find a separate engineer after the construction team is already on board. The NYS Office of the Professions maintains a public license lookup if you want to verify any specific individual's credentials directly.

How do we pay for a $3M retrofit without a massive special assessment?

Most buildings blend three sources. First, a special assessment covers the equity portion — typically 15 to 30 percent of project cost. Second, commercial debt (either a property mortgage refinance or a building-specific loan) covers the bulk of the project cost, amortized over 10 to 20 years. Third, incentives — Con Edison electrification rebates, NYSERDA programs, federal Inflation Reduction Act credits (where applicable to the building's tax structure), and any applicable NYC-specific LL97 compliance assistance — reduce net project cost by 15 to 40 percent depending on the measure mix. Well-structured financing can bring the monthly per-unit cost of a retrofit into the same range as the avoided penalty, which is the point at which the vote usually passes. Running that analysis clearly is one of the first things a competent LL97 advisor does for a board considering its options.

Footnotes

1. NYC Department of Buildings, Local Law 97 portal: https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/local-law-97.page ↩

2. NYC Mayor's Office of Climate and Environmental Justice, Climate Mobilization Act overview: https://climate.cityofnewyork.us/initiatives/lead-by-example/ ↩ ↩²

3. NYC DOB, Local Law 97 emissions factors and calculation guidance: https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/ll97-emissions-calculations.page ↩

4. NYC Council, Local Law 97 of 2019 full text: https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3761078 ↩

5. NYC DOB, Building Sustainability Annual Report (BSAR) filing page: https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/bsar.page ↩

6. NYS Office of the Professions, Professional Engineer and Registered Architect license verification: https://www.op.nysed.gov/verification-search ↩ ↩²

7. NYC DOB, Article 321 alternative compliance pathway for affordable housing: https://www.nyc.gov/site/buildings/codes/ll97-article-321.page ↩

8. NYS Homes and Community Renewal (HCR), rent-stabilization registry and Article 321 eligibility: https://hcr.ny.gov/rent-regulation ↩

9. Con Edison, Clean Energy and Building Electrification Programs: https://www.coned.com/en/save-money/business-incentives/clean-energy ↩ ↩²